Background: Sleep disorders are common and associated with multiple metabolic and psychological\nderangements. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is among the most common sleep disorders and an interrelationship\nbetween OSA, insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases\nhas been established. Prevalence of sleep disorders in Kenyans, particularly in individuals with T2DM is\nunknown. We thus aimed to determine prevalence of poor quality of sleep (QOS) and high risk for OSA,\namong persons with T2DM and determine their associations with socio-demographic and anthropometric\nvariables.\nMethods: Utilising a Cross- Sectional Descriptive design, QOS and risk for OSA were determined in a\nrandomly selected sample of patients with T2DM (cases) and an age and sex matched comparison group.\nThe validated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) were used to measure\nQOS and risk for OSA respectively. Associations between poor QOS, high risk for OSA, and socio-demographic and\nanthropometric variables in cases were evaluated.\nResults: From 245 randomly selected persons with T2DM attending outpatient clinics, aged over 18 years, 22 were\nexcluded due to ineligibility thus 223 were included in the analysis; 53.8% were females, mean age was 56.8 (SD 12.2)\nyears and mean BMI was 28.8 kg/m2 (SD 4.4). Among them, 119 (53%, CI 95% 46.5ââ?¬â??60.2) had poor QOS and 99 (44%\nCI 95% 37.8ââ?¬â??50.9) were at high risk for OSA. Among 112 individuals in comparison group, 33 (29.5%, CI 95% 20.9ââ?¬â??38.3)\nhad poor QOS and 9 (8%, CI 95% 3.3ââ?¬â??13.4) had high risk for OSA. Cases had a significantly higher probability for poor\nQOS [OR 2.76 (95% CI 1.7ââ?¬â??4.4))] and high risk for OSA [OR 9.1 (95% CI 4.4ââ?¬â??19.0)].\nHigher waist circumference was independently associated with a high risk for OSA in cases.\nConclusions: We demonstrate a high burden of sleep disturbances in patients with T2DM. Our findings may have\nimplications for clinicians to screen for sleep disorders when assessing patients with T2DM and warranting further\nattention by practitioners and researches in this field.
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